Keyboard Navigation & Focus Management: Advanced UX Accessibility Patterns 2025

Keyboard Navigation & Focus Management: Advanced UX Accessibility Patterns 2025

Keyboard users aren't a niche demographic you can safely ignore. They include power users who prefer mechanical efficiency, motor-impaired users who cannot operate a mouse, screen reader users who navigate by keyboard, voice-control users who rely on keyboard fallbacks, and an ever-growing cohort of accessibility-conscious professionals. Yet your analytics probably don't show them clearly—keyboard-only users generate fewer mouse-tracking events, making them invisible in standard tracking.

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The stakes are high. One broken focus trap can render your entire application unusable for keyboard users. A missing skip link forces them through dozens of navigation items to reach content. An invisible focus indicator leaves them navigating blind. A positive tabindex value scrambles the logical tab order, confusing everyone. And a modal without proper focus management allows keyboard focus to escape into the obscured background, violating WCAG 2.2 and destroying the interaction contract.

Accessible Form Design: The Complete WCAG 2.1 Pattern Library for Designers & Developers

This 2025 guide walks through every keyboard navigation and focus management pattern you need: WCAG 2.2 compliance, tab order mental models, skip links, focus indicators, focus traps, roving tabindex, Angular CDK implementations, modal lifecycle management, testing protocols, and the anti-patterns that trip up even experienced developers. By the end, you'll know how to design and build keyboard experiences that feel seamless for everyone.

angular development

---

WCAG 2.2 Keyboard Requirements: What Changed

WCAG 2.2 tightened keyboard accessibility with three critical success criteria and one major enhancement. Understanding these requirements is not optional—they are now the baseline for accessible digital products.

SC 2.1.1 Keyboard: All functionality must be operable via keyboard alone, with no mouse-only interactions. This is the foundational requirement. Every click, hover state, and drag operation must have a keyboard equivalent. If your form requires mouse-drag to resize an input, you've violated SC 2.1.1.

SC 2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap: Focus must never become trapped in a UI component unless the trap is intentional and users know how to escape. A modal dialog intentionally traps focus (users expect Tab to cycle within the dialog). A date picker that accepts focus but doesn't clearly indicate how to exit violates this criterion.

SC 2.4.11 Focus Appearance (Enhanced): The focus indicator must now meet minimum styling requirements:

• At least 3:1 contrast ratio against adjacent colors
• At least 2px outline offset around the focused element
• Minimum 2px stroke width or equivalent area

This is a departure from earlier guidance. A 1px outline is no longer acceptable. A focus indicator that blends into a light background at 2:1 contrast is insufficient.

SC 2.4.12 Focus Not Obscured (Minimum): Focus indicators cannot be hidden or obscured by other page elements. If a fixed header covers the focused element, you must scroll it into view or reposition the focus indicator.

SC 1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence: The DOM order and visual reading order must align. If you use CSS Grid or Flexbox with order or absolute positioning to reorder elements visually, the DOM order must match the visual order, or keyboard users will experience a jarring, illogical tab sequence.

Compliance means testing your application with only a keyboard. Disable your mouse, open your web inspector, and Tab through every interactive element. If you get stuck, lose track of where focus is, or cannot reach any feature, you have a keyboard navigation problem.

---

The Tab Order Mental Model

The browser's default tab order follows the DOM (Document Object Model). Every interactive element—<button>, <a>, <input>, <textarea>, <select>—receives focus in the order it appears in the HTML, top to bottom, left to right. This is predictable and accessible by default.

Three attributes modify this behavior:

tabindex="0": Inserts an element into the natural tab order. Use this on custom interactive elements (like a styled <div> that acts as a button) to make them keyboard-focusable. Never use positive tabindex; it violates SC 2.4.3 and breaks keyboard navigation for users.

tabindex="-1": Removes an element from the tab order but allows it to receive focus programmatically (via JavaScript's .focus() method). Use this for elements you'll focus via code, like the first input in a modal dialog or the main heading after a page navigation.

Positive tabindex (e.g., tabindex="1", tabindex="10"): Creates a custom tab order, jumping focus to higher tabindex elements first. Never use this. It violates WCAG, breaks keyboard navigation logic, and creates a maintenance nightmare. If you feel tempted, restructure your DOM instead.

The mental model is simple: DOM order = keyboard order. If the keyboard order feels wrong, fix the DOM order. If you cannot change the DOM (e.g., legacy markup), move focus via JavaScript after navigation or user interaction, but let the visual order and interaction order flow from the HTML structure.

One nuance: custom widgets like menus, tabs, and trees don't use the standard tab order. Instead, they implement "roving tabindex" (covered below), where only one item is in the tab order, and arrow keys navigate within the widget. This is discussed in detail later.

---

Skip Links: The First Keyboard Pattern Everyone Misses

A skip link allows keyboard users to jump directly from the page header to the main content, bypassing navigation menus, sidebars, and repetitive elements. On a typical website, pressing Tab 30+ times to reach the article is exhausting. A skip link reduces this to one Tab.

Skip links are visible only on keyboard focus. When a mouse user views the page, the skip link is hidden. When a keyboard user presses Tab, it becomes visible (usually in the top-left corner), allowing them to jump to the main content area.

Implement skip links with this pattern:

<a href="#main-content" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>

<!-- Navigation, header, etc. -->

<main id="main-content" tabindex="-1">
  <!-- Page content -->
</main>

And the corresponding CSS:

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: -40px;
  left: 0;
  background: #000;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 8px;
  z-index: 100;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: 0; /* Moves into view on focus */
}

Multiple skip links are appropriate for complex layouts. If you have a sidebar, a main content area, and a footer with distinct content, provide skip links for each:

<a href="#main-content" class="skip-link">Skip to main content</a>
<a href="#sidebar" class="skip-link">Skip to sidebar</a>
<a href="#footer" class="skip-link">Skip to footer</a>

The target of a skip link (the main or <div id="main-content">) should receive tabindex="-1" if it's not normally focusable (like a <main> or <article>). This allows you to move focus to it via JavaScript without changing its tab order.

Why focus the skip link target at all? Screen readers announce the page region when focus moves to the target. A user who pressed "Skip to main content" knows they've arrived at the article. Without focus management, the page might scroll to the section, but the screen reader announces nothing, leaving the user uncertain.

---

Focus Indicators: Design Requirements

A focus indicator is the visual sign that an element has keyboard focus. It might be an outline, a background color change, an underline, or a shadow. Whatever the style, it must meet WCAG 2.2 SC 2.4.11 requirements and be unmistakable.

The 3:1 Contrast Rule: The focus indicator must have at least 3:1 contrast against adjacent colors. If your button has a light blue background and a light gray border, a light yellow focus outline may not meet 3:1. Test with a contrast checker.

The 2px Offset Rule: The outline should have at least 2px offset from the element edge and at least 2px stroke width. A 1px outline is difficult to see; 2px is the practical minimum.

Never use outline: none without a replacement. This is the most common accessibility violation. Developers remove the default browser outline (which is admittedly ugly) and forget to add their own. The result: keyboard users cannot see focus.

Implement accessible focus styles with :focus-visible:

button {
  background: #007bff;
  color: white;
  border: 2px solid transparent;
  padding: 8px 16px;
  cursor: pointer;
  /* Remove default outline */
  outline: none;
}

button:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #ffc107; /* Meets 3:1 contrast */
  outline-offset: 2px; /* Meets 2px offset requirement */
}

/* High contrast mode support */
@media (prefers-contrast: more) {
  button:focus-visible {
    outline: 4px solid #000;
    outline-offset: 3px;
  }
}

Why :focus-visible instead of :focus? The :focus-visible pseudo-class applies styles only when the browser determines focus should be visible (keyboard and other non-mouse input). :focus applies to all focus, including mouse clicks, which shows an outline even when users don't expect it. Use :focus-visible for keyboard-specific styling.

Custom focus indicators should be consistent across your application. A design system should define focus styles for buttons, inputs, links, and custom interactive components. Inconsistent or missing focus indicators fragment the keyboard experience.

---

Focus Traps: Modals, Dialogs, Drawers

A focus trap (or focus containment) restricts keyboard focus to a specific UI region. When a user opens a modal dialog, pressing Tab should cycle focus within the modal, not escape to the background page. Without a trap, focus can jump past the modal into the obscured background, breaking the interaction model.

When to trap focus:

• Modal dialogs (require explicit dismissal)
• Drawers/sidesheets that darken the background
• Dropdown menus (debatable; depends on UX)

When NOT to trap focus:

• Popovers or tooltips that don't block interaction
• Dropdown select lists (focus should escape after selection)
• Non-modal alerts or notifications

Implement focus traps in Angular using the CDK FocusTrap directive:

// app.module.ts
import { FocusTrapModule } from '@angular/cdk/a11y';

@NgModule({
  imports: [FocusTrapModule]
})
export class AppModule {}

<!-- modal.component.html -->
<div class="modal-overlay" *ngIf="isOpen">
  <div cdkTrapFocus class="modal-content">
    <h2>Modal Dialog</h2>
    <p>This is a modal dialog with trapped focus.</p>
    
    <button (click)="onConfirm()">Confirm</button>
    <button (click)="onCancel()">Cancel</button>
  </div>
</div>

The cdkTrapFocus directive handles focus containment automatically. When the user presses Tab on the last focusable element, focus cycles back to the first. When they press Shift+Tab on the first element, focus moves to the last.

Manual focus trap implementation (if not using CDK):

// focus-trap.directive.ts
import { Directive, ElementRef, HostListener, Input } from '@angular/core';

@Directive({
  selector: '[appFocusTrap]'
})
export class FocusTrapDirective {
  @Input() appFocusTrap = true;

  constructor(private el: ElementRef) {}

  @HostListener('keydown.tab', ['$event'])
  onTabKey(event: KeyboardEvent): void {
    if (!this.appFocusTrap) return;

    const focusableElements = Array.from(
      this.el.nativeElement.querySelectorAll(
        'button, [href], input, select, textarea, [tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])'
      )
    ) as HTMLElement[];

    if (!focusableElements.length) return;

    const currentIndex = focusableElements.indexOf(document.activeElement as HTMLElement);
    const isLastElement = currentIndex === focusableElements.length - 1;
    const isFirstElement = currentIndex === 0;

    if (event.shiftKey && isFirstElement) {
      event.preventDefault();
      focusableElements[focusableElements.length - 1].focus();
    } else if (!event.shiftKey && isLastElement) {
      event.preventDefault();
      focusableElements[0].focus();
    }
  }
}

For a deeper dive into form accessibility patterns, see our guide on accessible form design and WCAG patterns.

---

Roving Tabindex: Toolbars, Menus, Tab Lists

The roving tabindex pattern optimizes keyboard navigation within composite widgets. Instead of every item in a toolbar, menu, or tab list being a separate Tab stop, only one item is in the tab order. Arrow keys navigate within the widget.

Example: A toolbar with buttons

Without roving tabindex, Tab visits every button (5 Tab presses for a 5-button toolbar). With roving tabindex, Tab visits the toolbar once, and arrow keys navigate buttons within.

Implement roving tabindex in Angular:

// roving-tabindex.directive.ts
import { Directive, HostListener, Input, ElementRef, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

@Directive({
  selector: '[appRovingTabindex]'
})
export class RovingTabindexDirective implements OnInit {
  @Input() direction: 'horizontal' | 'vertical' = 'horizontal';

  constructor(private el: ElementRef) {}

  ngOnInit(): void {
    const items = Array.from(
      this.el.nativeElement.querySelectorAll('[role="button"], button, [role="tab"]')
    ) as HTMLElement[];
    
    // Only the first item is in the tab order
    items.forEach((item, index) => {
      item.setAttribute('tabindex', index === 0 ? '0' : '-1');
    });
  }

  @HostListener('keydown', ['$event'])
  onKeyDown(event: KeyboardEvent): void {
    const items = Array.from(
      this.el.nativeElement.querySelectorAll('[role="button"], button, [role="tab"]')
    ) as HTMLElement[];

    const currentIndex = items.indexOf(document.activeElement as HTMLElement);
    let nextIndex = currentIndex;

    if ((event.key === 'ArrowRight' || event.key === 'ArrowDown') && this.direction === 'horizontal') {
      nextIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % items.length;
      event.preventDefault();
    } else if ((event.key === 'ArrowLeft' || event.key === 'ArrowUp') && this.direction === 'horizontal') {
      nextIndex = (currentIndex - 1 + items.length) % items.length;
      event.preventDefault();
    }

    items.forEach((item, index) => {
      item.setAttribute('tabindex', index === nextIndex ? '0' : '-1');
    });

    items[nextIndex].focus();
  }
}

Usage:

<div appRovingTabindex direction="horizontal" role="toolbar">
  <button>Bold</button>
  <button>Italic</button>
  <button>Underline</button>
</div>

Now Tab visits the toolbar once, and arrow keys navigate buttons. This pattern is also ideal for menu items, tab lists, and tree nodes.

---

Focus Management in Angular Single-Page Applications

When a user navigates from one page to another in an SPA (single-page application), the page doesn't reload. The content changes, but the browser doesn't fire a page-load event, and screen readers don't announce the change. Keyboard users might not even realize the page has changed.

Implement focus management with Angular Router:

// focus-management.service.ts
import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Router, NavigationEnd } from '@angular/router';
import { filter } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable({
  providedIn: 'root'
})
export class FocusManagementService {
  constructor(private router: Router) {
    this.initializeFocusManagement();
  }

  private initializeFocusManagement(): void {
    this.router.events
      .pipe(filter(event => event instanceof NavigationEnd))
      .subscribe(() => {
        this.focusMainHeading();
      });
  }

  focusMainHeading(): void {
    // Wait for view to render
    setTimeout(() => {
      const mainHeading = document.querySelector('main h1');
      if (mainHeading instanceof HTMLElement) {
        mainHeading.setAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
        mainHeading.focus();
        mainHeading.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'start' });
      }
    }, 100);
  }
}

Configure it in your app:

// app.module.ts
@NgModule({
  imports: [BrowserModule, RouterModule.forRoot(routes, {
    scrollPositionRestoration: 'top' // Scroll to top on navigation
  })],
  providers: [FocusManagementService]
})
export class AppModule {}

After navigation, focus moves to the main heading (usually <h1>), and screen readers announce it. The page scrolls to the top, and keyboard users understand they've moved to a new page.

---

Modal and Dialog Focus Lifecycle

Modals and dialogs have a specific focus lifecycle: open, interaction, and close. Each phase requires careful focus management.

On open:

1. Store the element that triggered the modal (to return focus later)
2. Move focus to the modal (typically the first interactive element or the dialog title)
3. Trap focus within the modal
4. Add a scrim (semi-transparent background) to prevent interaction with the page below

On close:

1. Release the focus trap
2. Return focus to the triggering element
3. Remove the scrim

Implement this in Angular:

// modal.component.ts
import { Component, OnInit, OnDestroy, ViewChild, ElementRef } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-modal',
  template: `
    <div class="modal-overlay" *ngIf="isOpen" (click)="closeModal($event)">
      <div cdkTrapFocus (keydown.escape)="closeModal()" class="modal-content" #modalContent>
        <h2 #dialogTitle>Modal Title</h2>
        <p>Modal content goes here.</p>
        <button (click)="closeModal()">Close</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  `,
  styles: [`
    .modal-overlay {
      position: fixed;
      top: 0;
      left: 0;
      right: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      z-index: 1000;
    }
    .modal-content {
      background: white;
      padding: 20px;
      border-radius: 8px;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    }
  `]
})
export class ModalComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
  isOpen = true;
  @ViewChild('modalContent') modalContent!: ElementRef;
  @ViewChild('dialogTitle') dialogTitle!: ElementRef;

  private triggerElement: HTMLElement | null = null;

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.triggerElement = document.activeElement as HTMLElement;
    setTimeout(() => {
      this.dialogTitle.nativeElement.focus();
    }, 100);
  }

  closeModal(event?: Event): void {
    if (event?.target === event?.currentTarget) {
      // Only close if clicking the overlay, not content
      this.isOpen = false;
      if (this.triggerElement) {
        this.triggerElement.focus();
      }
    }
  }

  ngOnDestroy(): void {
    if (this.triggerElement) {
      this.triggerElement.focus();
    }
  }
}

This component:

1. Stores the trigger element on init
2. Focuses the dialog title
3. Traps focus with cdkTrapFocus
4. Listens for Escape key to close
5. Returns focus to the trigger on close

---

Keyboard Patterns Reference Table

Different components require different keyboard interactions. This table maps widget types to expected keys:

Widget Type	Tab	Arrow Keys	Enter/Space	Escape
Menu	Single Tab stop	Up/Down between items	Activate item	Close menu
Toolbar	Single Tab stop (roving tabindex)	Left/Right between items	Activate button	N/A
Tab List	Single Tab stop	Left/Right between tabs	N/A	N/A
Tree	Single Tab stop	Up/Down, Left (collapse), Right (expand)	Expand/collapse	N/A
Combobox	In tab order	Up/Down in list	Select option	Close list
Dialog/Modal	Cycles within modal	N/A	Submit form	Close dialog
Listbox	Single Tab stop	Up/Down between options	Select option	N/A

Design your keyboard interactions to match user expectations. If you build a custom menu that doesn't respond to arrow keys, keyboard users will feel lost.

---

Testing Keyboard Navigation

Manual testing is the gold standard. Automated tools catch only ~30% of keyboard issues; the rest require human judgment.

Manual protocol:

1. Unplug your mouse (or use a keyboard-only browser extension)
2. Press Tab repeatedly to traverse all interactive elements
3. Test Tab order: does it match the visual reading order?
4. Test Shift+Tab to go backward
5. Use arrow keys in composite widgets (menus, toolbars, tree lists)
6. Test Enter and Space on buttons and links
7. Test Escape to close modals and dropdowns
8. Verify focus indicators are visible and have sufficient contrast
9. Test focus order after dynamic content changes (e.g., AJAX results)

Automated testing with axe-core:

// keyboard-a11y.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import { injectAxe, checkA11y } from 'axe-playwright';

test('keyboard navigation passes axe audit', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('http://localhost:4200');
  await injectAxe(page);
  
  // Check for keyboard accessibility violations
  await checkA11y(page, '', {
    rules: {
      'focusable-content': { enabled: true },
      'focus-order-semantics': { enabled: true },
      'no-keyboard-trap': { enabled: true },
      'color-contrast': { enabled: true }
    }
  });
});

Screen reader testing:

• NVDA + Chrome (Windows): Free and standard
• VoiceOver + Safari (macOS): Built into macOS
• Test that page structure is announced correctly
• Verify focus announcements match expectations

For a more comprehensive accessibility audit approach, explore our European Accessibility Act 2025 UX designer guide.

---

Common Anti-Patterns to Avoid

outline: none without replacement: The most common violation. Developers remove the default outline and forget to add custom focus styles. Result: invisible focus for keyboard users.

/* BAD */
button {
  outline: none; /* No replacement! */
}

/* GOOD */
button {
  outline: none;
}
button:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid #ffc107;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

Click-only custom components: A <div> with onClick handler is not keyboard accessible. Add a role, keyboard handler, and focus management.

/* BAD */
<div (click)="handleClick()">Click me</div>

/* GOOD */
<div 
  role="button" 
  (click)="handleClick()" 
  (keydown.enter)="handleClick()"
  (keydown.space)="handleClick()"
  tabindex="0">
  Click me
</div>

Positive tabindex values: tabindex="1", tabindex="5", etc., create a custom tab order that breaks keyboard navigation. Always use 0 (tab order) or -1 (focusable but not in tab order).

/* BAD */
<input tabindex="10"> <!-- Why 10? -->

/* GOOD */
<input> <!-- Default tab order -->
<button tabindex="0"> <!-- Explicit, but same as default -->

Auto-focusing fields on page load: Jumping focus to a search box or login field without user interaction surprises keyboard users. Let users Tab to the field.

/* BAD */
ngOnInit(): void {
  this.searchInput.nativeElement.focus(); // Unwanted auto-focus
}

/* GOOD */
// Let users Tab to the field naturally

Hidden content in the tab order: Using display: none or visibility: hidden but leaving tabindex="0" creates invisible focus targets. Always hide both visually and from the tab order.

/* BAD */
.hidden {
  display: none;
  /* Still in tab order! */
}

/* GOOD */
.hidden {
  display: none;
}
.hidden[tabindex] {
  tabindex: -1; /* Also remove from tab order */
}

---

Keyboard Access Is Not a Checkbox

Keyboard navigation and focus management are not features to bolt on after development. They're foundational to good UX. A button that looks beautiful but has invisible focus is objectively broken. A modal that allows focus to escape is not just an accessibility violation; it's a broken interaction.

Build with keyboard users in mind from the start:

1. Test manually as you develop (Tab through every page)
2. Use semantic HTML (buttons, links, forms) instead of custom components
3. Implement roving tabindex for composite widgets
4. Add visible, contrasting focus indicators
5. Trap focus in modals and dialogs
6. Manage focus on route navigation
7. Test with real keyboard users and screen reader users

The 2025 web is more accessible by default. Browser support for WCAG 2.2 is strong. Tools like Angular CDK make focus management straightforward. The excuse that "keyboard navigation is too hard" no longer holds. Your responsibility is to meet these standards and deliver an experience that works for everyone.

---

FAQ

What are the WCAG 2.2 keyboard navigation requirements? WCAG 2.2 requires all functionality to be operable via keyboard alone (SC 2.1.1), no keyboard traps unless intentional (SC 2.1.2), a visible focus indicator with at least 3:1 contrast and 2px offset (SC 2.4.11), and consistent focus order that preserves meaning (SC 1.3.2 and 2.4.3). Additionally, focus indicators cannot be obscured by other page elements (SC 2.4.12).

What is a focus trap and when should you use one? A focus trap confines keyboard focus within a specific UI region, most commonly a modal dialog or side panel. Without a focus trap, pressing Tab on the last button in a modal moves focus to the background page, breaking the interaction model. Use focus traps on modals and drawers; avoid them on popovers and tooltips that don't block background interaction.

What is the roving tabindex pattern? The roving tabindex pattern manages keyboard navigation within composite widgets (like a toolbar, menu, or tab list) by setting only the active item to tabindex="0" and all others to tabindex="-1". This makes the widget appear as a single Tab stop, with arrow keys navigating between items inside. It improves keyboard efficiency and reduces Tab stops.

How do you manage focus in Angular single-page applications? Use Angular Router's scrollPositionRestoration combined with a focus management service that moves focus to the main heading or new content region after navigation. Implement this by listening to NavigationEnd events and focusing the target element after a brief delay for view rendering, ensuring screen reader users receive a consistent page-change announcement.

How do you test keyboard navigation? Test manually by unplugging your mouse and navigating the full application using only Tab, Shift+Tab, Enter, Space, Escape, and arrow keys. Verify the tab order matches the visual reading order, all functionality is accessible, and focus indicators are visible. Supplement with automated tools like axe-core or Lighthouse, but note automated tools catch only ~30% of keyboard accessibility issues; human testing is essential.

---

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• roving tabindex pattern angular
• focus management single page applications
• skip links implementation best practices

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      }
    ]
  }
}

Image Suggestions

1. Hero Image (1200x630px): A split-screen comparison showing a keyboard on the left and a cursor on the right, with "Keyboard Navigation & Focus Management 2025" text overlaid. Use accessible colors with high contrast.

2. Tab Order Visual (800x400px): A webpage mockup with numbered arrows showing the logical tab order (1→2→3→4→5), illustrating how Tab traverses elements in DOM order.

3. Focus Indicator Comparison (900x500px): Four button states side-by-side: (1) default button, (2) button with poor 1px outline, (3) button with proper 3px outline and 2px offset (WCAG compliant), (4) button with high-contrast outline for forced colors mode.

4. Modal Focus Trap Diagram (800x600px): A modal dialog with a focus trap cycle illustration showing Tab key bouncing focus from the last button back to the first button, with an arrow showing focus cannot escape to the background.

5. Roving Tabindex Pattern (900x400px): A toolbar with 5 buttons showing (1) how only the active button has tabindex="0" (in tab order) and others have tabindex="-1", and (2) arrow keys navigate between buttons without leaving the widget.